Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease (LCPD) is a condition that affects children.
It weakens the hip joint because the femoral head loses its blood supply. This leads to bone damage and then regrowth.
The process can take years and may cause lasting problems if not treated properly.
Why This Blog Matters
If you or someone you know has LCPD, you might feel confused or worried.
This article explains the disease in simple terms.
It tells you what to expect, how doctors diagnose it, and what treatments are available.
Knowing these things can help you make better decisions about care.
What is Legg-Calvé-Perthes Disease?
LCPD affects the hip joint.
The top of the thigh bone (femoral head) stops getting enough blood. This makes the bone weak, and over time, it breaks down and heals again.
The disease mostly affects boys between 5 and 6 years old. However, it can occur at any time from ages 2 to 14.
What Causes LCPD?
Doctors are not sure of the exact cause, but some factors may increase the risk:
- Injury: A fall or repeated stress on the hip.
- Blood Clotting Disorders: Poor circulation to the bone.
- Genetics: Family history may play a role.
- Steroid Use: Long-term use of steroids may weaken bones.
What Are the Symptoms?
- A limp that starts slowly, often painless at first.
- Hip, knee, or thigh pain that worsens with activity.
- Limited movement in the hip.
- Muscle weakness in the thigh and buttocks.
- A noticeable limp where one side of the hip drops (Trendelenburg gait).
How is LCPD Diagnosed?
Doctors use different tests to confirm LCPD:
- X-rays: These show changes in the femoral head.
- MRI Scans: These detect the disease at an early stage.
- Blood Tests: Used to rule out other conditions.
Stages of LCPD
Doctors classify the disease based on how much of the femoral head is damaged:
- Group A: Minor damage (good recovery expected).
- Group B: More than 50% of the bone is still healthy (outcome is worse if older than six).
- Group C: Less than 50% of the bone remains intact (poorer outlook).
How is LCPD Treated?
Treatment aims to relieve pain and keep the femoral head in the right position while it heals.
Non-Surgical Treatments
- Avoid High-Impact Activities: Running and jumping can worsen the condition.
- Physical Therapy: Helps improve movement and muscle strength.
- Crutches or Wheelchairs: Reduce pressure on the hip.
- Medication: NSAIDs help with pain and swelling.
Surgical Treatments
For severe cases or older children, surgery may be needed:
- Osteotomy: Realigns the bone for better hip function.
- Hip Arthroscopy: A minimally invasive procedure to improve joint function.
- Joint Replacement: In extreme cases, adults may need a hip replacement.
Recovery and Physical Therapy
Physical therapy is crucial to help children regain movement and strength.
Phases of Recovery
- 0-2 Weeks: Light stretching and assisted walking.
- 2-6 Weeks: Gradual increase in weight-bearing activities.
- 6-12 Weeks: Walking without support, continued strengthening exercises.
- 12 Weeks – 1 Year: Building strength and balance, avoiding impact activities.
- Final Stage: Full return to normal activities once healing is complete.
Long-Term Outlook
The younger the child, the better the recovery. However, some children may develop arthritis in the hip later in life.
Proper treatment and follow-up care can help prevent complications.
Conclusion
LCPD is a serious condition, but with the right care, many children recover well.
Early diagnosis and proper management are key.
If you notice a limp or hip pain in a child, consult a doctor as soon as possible.
AT Life 